1. ARP – It stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It’s Network layer protocol that IP uses to ascertain (find out) the MAC address of a known IP address when IP determines that the destination is on the local subnet and communication with the destination must therefore occur at the Data Link Layer.
2. ATM – It stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A connection-oriented network architecture based on broadband ISDN technology that uses constant size 53-byte cells instead of packets. Because cells don’t change size, they are switched much faster and more efficiently than packets across a network.
3. Bandwidth – In network communications, the amount of data that can be sent across a wire in a given time. Each communication that possess along the wire decreases the amount of available bandwidth.
4. Bridge – A network device, operating at the Data Link Layer, that logically separates a single network into segments but lets the two segments appear to be one network to higher-layer protocols.
5. Carrier – Signal at a frequency that is chosen to carry data. Addition of data to the frequency is modulation and the removal of data from the frequency is demodulation. This is used on analog devices like modems.
6. CSMA/CA – It stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance. A media access method that sends a request to send (RTS) packet and waits to receive a clear to send (CTS) packet before sending. Once the CTS is received, the sender sends the packet of information.
7. CSMA/CD – It stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection. A media access method that first senses whether there is a signal on the wire, indicating that someone is transmitting currently. If no one else is transmitting, it attempts a transmission and listens for someone else trying to transmit at the same time. If this happens, both senders back off and don’t transmit again until some specified period of time has passed.
8. Circuit Switching – A switching method where a dedicated connection between the sender and receiver is maintained throughout the conversation. POTS and ISDN, for example, establish circuit-switched connections through dialed numbers.
9. Packet Switching – A method of switching that sends information as potentially smaller discrete, each one independently addressed for the intended recipient. Intermediate devices, such as switches and routers, can send these packets alone one or more different paths to the same destination, making the autonomy of each packet imperative. A packet-switched connection is virtual and the physical paths are shared, in contrast to the concept of the dedicated paths of circuit switching.
10. POTS – It stands for Plain Old Telephone Service. The classic analog circuit commonly used to connect to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to make voice calls for conversations and modem and facsimile sessions.
11. CIDR – It stands for Class Interdomain Routing. The new routing method used by InterNIC to assign IP addresses. CIDR can be described as slash x network. The x represents the number of bits in the network that InterNIC controls.
12. DNS – It stands for Domain Name Service. The network service used in TCP/IP networks that translates host names to IP addresses.
13. CNAME Record - A DNS record type that specifies other names for existing hosts. This allows a DNS administrator to assign multiple DNS host names to a single DNS host. Also known as alias record.
14. CRC – It stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check. An error-checking method in data communication that runs a formula against data before transmissions. The sending station then appends the resultant value (called a checksum) to the data and sends it. The receiving station uses the same formula on the data. If the receiving station doesn’t get the same checksum result for the calculation, it considers the transmission invalid, rejects the frame, and asks for a retransmission.
15. DoS – It stands for Denial of Service attack. Type of hack that prevents any users – even legitimate ones – from using the system.
16. DHCP – It stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol used on a TCP/IP network to send configuration data, including TCP/IP address, default gateway, subnet mask, and DNS configuration, to clients.
17. DSL – It stands for Digital Subscriber Line. A digital WAN technology that brings high speed digital networking to homes and business over POTS. There are many types, including HDSL (high-speed DSL) and VDSL (very high data-rate DSL).
18. EAP – It stands for Extensible Authentication Protocol. As extension to PPP that supports multiple authentication methods, including Kerberos, passwords, certificates, smart cards, and so on. IEEE 802.1x is the standard that dictates how EAP is used within Ethernet frames.
19. FDDI – It stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface. A network topology that uses fiber-optic cable as a transmission medium and dual, counter-rotating rings to provide data delivery and fault tolerance.
20. Firewall – A combination of hardware and software that protects a network from attack by hackers that could gain access through public networks, including the Internet.
Resource Used:
Network + Study Guide by David Groth Toby Skandier
Compiled By: Chaudhary Amit V.
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